A visit to this magnificent medieval fortress set on a forested hilltop in the heart of the Scottish capital is spectacular enough, but when standing on its ramparts overlooking the city and its surrounding topography you soon realise why this higher ground has been used as a holding post since pre-Roman times. It seems you can see all of Scotland from up here. For the best panoramas one should head to the Middle and Upper Wards, where you can take in not only the rooftops of the Old Town, the Princes Street Gardens, and the skyline spires of St. Mary's Cathedral and St. Cuthbert's Church, but also the winding waters of the Firth of Forth and mile-long Inchkeith Island within it. On clear days you can see all the way to the mountains of The Kingdom of Fife and you soon realise that Edinburgh really is the city between the mountains and the sea.